HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

      It is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and momentum of an object with the same certainty i;e, both position and momentum of an object can not be determine at any certain time.

         If, uncertainty in position=𐤃x,
             uncertainty in momentum=𐤃p,
then according to Heisenberg's finding  𐤃x×𐤃p ≥ h/4π
                                                               or 𐤃x×m×𐤃v ≥ h/4π
                                                               or 𐤃x×𐤃v  ≥ h/4π m
Where 𐤃v= uncertainty in velocity,
              h= plank's constant,
    and   m= mass of the electron,
 Thus, position and velocity of an object cannot be simultaneously known with certainty. The uncertainty principle applied to the location and momentum along the same axis.
    Explanation of principal:-- 
    To locate the position of electron in atom, we have to use light. If the wavelength of the incident light be 'λ'. Therefore the wave character of electron is following interference
 1) The position of electron shall change by +λ, i;e, the position of electron be uncertain within range - λ to + λ.
 2) To reduce the uncertainty in position and determine the in the position more certainty (or more accuracy) is required.
 3) If light of shorter wavelength be used then the momentum of the photon being too high(p&1/ λ).
 4) The momentum of electron shall get disturb by higher order when the photon colloids with electron and vice-versa.
      So, both cannot be determine at any certain time.
  Significance of uncertainty principle.
   i) It rules out the existence of definite path or trajectories.
    ii) the effect of Heisenberg uncertainty principle is significant only for motion of microscopic objects.